北京四合院私挖地下室成风 房产“增值”上千万

It becomes popular to dig basement in Beijing traditional quadrangle courtyard

徐州人大代表违法挖地下室 致四合院坍塌路面塌陷
Deputy in Xuzhou people’s congress dug his own basement which causes the road to sink

私挖地下室致塌陷引思考 谁来监管四合院内违建
 Who should regulate the illegal construction inside the Beijing traditional quadrangle courtyard?

四合院里私挖18米深地下室致塌陷
 Digging the basement secretly leads to collapse of ground

本刊评论综述

1月24日，北京西城区德内大街93号院发生大面积塌陷。经认定，此次塌陷系业主违规私挖近18米深的地下室导致。看似偶然事故，经过各媒体记者的深访与调查，竟然成为北京这座城市暗处风气已久。

随着北京房价的不断升值，一处房产的价值被房主用各种手段不断性的扩大化，擅自开挖地下室的行为无疑会对房主与周围邻里产生危险，塌陷的严重后果已经涉嫌危害公共安全犯罪，然而有着这样的严重影响，仍然有很多人对私挖地下室趋之若鹜，“我的房子我做主”是很多房屋所有者的想法， 却不知道已经触犯了法律，严重者甚至会受到刑罚处罚。 如果发现业主超出规划许可证批准的内容建设地下室，规划部门将认为业主是属于以欺骗的方式取得规划许可，会立即按照《行政许可法》的规定撤销所发的建设工程规划许可证。这意味着该处建设工程会被认定为新生违法建设。 因为私自建设地下室是严重危害公共安全的行为，如果违建业主逾期不履行，且经催告仍不履行改正义务，行政机关将代履行，用水泥回填地下室。而由此产生的材料费、人工费、技术评估费等各种费用都将由违建业主承担。

处理的内容还不仅仅是建筑物本身。规划部门撤销许可证后，一方面要在媒体上发布公告，公布有关违法事实和处理意见，另一方面要以涉嫌危害公共安全罪向公安机关移送有关案件线索。

公民对于自己的所有物，有权利享受其带来的合法权益，但是同时应当遵守法律法规，不可将一己私利凌驾于社会安全之上。没有无回馈的义务，也就没有无边界的权利。   

On January 24, a major area of neighborhoods in Beijing Xicheng District collapsed. As the assessment shows, the collapse is due to the illegal digging for extra basement by its owner. This eye-catching accident also triggers the public attention to illegal construction inside the Beijing traditional quadrangle courtyard, which seems to be more common than people may think.

In fact, the illegal construction can harm the public safety, as it shows in the above case. The owner of such illegal construction will face a punishment according to Administrative Licensing Law, since the extra construction beyond the planning permit issued by the authority will be treated as a conduct of fraudulent conduct to obtain the planning permission.

Every right has a limit. In spite of the ownership, the right holders still have to abide their behaviors by the laws and regulations.